The history of telecommunications, after the use of
primitive means, begins with the first organized postal services, the
development of the telegraph, telephone, wireless and digital communications.
This is undoubtedly one of the areas where technology has evolved the fastest.
Origin of
telecommunications: Telecom Tower
The earliest telecommunication processes were the smoke
signals used by Native American peoples in North and South America, and the
drums used by the peoples of Africa, New Guinea, and South America. These
signals made it possible to transmit sometimes complex information.
The Yagans, for example, were using smoke signals to
indicate beached whales, so the majority can take the meat from the carcass
before it decomposes. Perhaps they were using these signals for other purposes,
so it is possible that Fernand de Magellan saw one of these fires when he
crossed Patagonia, which inspired the name of Tierra del Fuego.
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Transmission Tower |
The ancient Greeks had also dreamed of information
transmission systems at long distances by torches. Aeschylus describes such a system at the beginning of his play Agamemnon, in which a light signal is
transmitted over a single night from mountain to mountain from Troy in what is
now Turkey, to Argos in the Peloponnese.
At the xvith century, in Japan, the governor
Takeda Shingen instituted military communications technology over long
distances using signals by fire.
In the Middle Ages, towers placed on the summits allowed to
transmit the orders and strategic information, but the information was limited
to the equivalent of a modern bit like: "the enemy is in sight". An example is the transmission of Plymouth to London from the arrival of the
"invincible armada".
The squadron of warships on the sea communicated, the xviii
th century by a hoisted system of
digital pavilions, whose meaning was in a codebook giving meaning to each
number (see International Code of maritime signals ).
In 1782, the monk Cistercian Dom Gauthey communicates to the
Academy of Sciences a memoir on the remote communication by acoustic pipes. It
launches in vain for a subscription, supported by various scholars of the time
including Benjamin Franklin, to finance his experiments. The English
utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, in his panoptic prison projects (1787,
1791, 1811) imagines the use of conversation hints for internal communication.
In 1793, he presented a proposal for the administrative and military use of conversational pipes.
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